The Struggle over Functional Foods: Justice and the Social Meaning of Functional Foods

The social and scientific debate overfunctional foods has two focal points: one isthe issue of the reliability andtrustworthiness of the claims connected withfunctional foods. You don't have to be asuspicious person to be skeptical vis-à-visthe rather exorbitant claims of most functionalfoods. They promise prevention against allkinds of illnesses and enhancement ofachievements like memory and vision, withouthaving been tested adequately. The second issueis the issue of the socio-cultural dimension offunctional foods and their so calleddetrimental effect on the social and normativemeanings of food, with possibly the effect thatfood in general will be treated like amedicine, with radical individualizing effects.Finally, individuals would only be allowed toeat what their gene-profile prescribes them. Inthis paper, it is argued that food is anon-neutral public good that contributesinherently to the identity of vulnerableindividuals. It should be treated in anon-neutral, but impartial way. Therefore,politics need to intervene in food markets froma justice and ethical point of view with twoaims in mind. The first aim (as an implicationof justice considerations) should be toestablish safety conditions, and to identifyand monitor food safety standards in anobjective and impartial way. Preventive medicalclaims of foods should be allowed on the basisof appropriate and objective testing methods.The second aim (as an implication of ethicalconsiderations) should be to shape conditionsfor a cohabitation of various food styles,including that of functional foods. Moreover,the cultural and symbolic meaning of food in apluralistic society requires that the differentfood styles find some modus of living andinteracting together. As long as functionalfoods comply with safety standards and respectother food styles, they should be allowed onthe market, just like any other food product.     

长江流域生态环境的意义及生态功能区段的划分

中国加入WTO之后,中国经济进一步与国际市场接轨,融入世界经济体系,机遇和挑战同在。欧美各国近年大力推行的环境标志产品认证,对第三世界商品质量设置入关的环境门槛。长江产业带作为世界最大的内河产业带和制造业基地,现在世界通行的环境管理认证体系和环境标志产品的认证,对长江流域产业尤其是外贸出口产业有长远而深刻的影响。这种认证制度,一方面对我出口商品设置了新的障碍,另一方面又将环境保护压力直接施加到企业。重视流域生态环境将从政府行为、公民压力扩展到企业行动,由于流域生态环境的负荷愈来愈重,流域生态环境的自我调节和恢复功能大幅下降,引起了日益严重的流域性生态安全问题。根据长江流域生态环境特征、不同的生态功能及存在的主要生态安全问题,将长江流域划性生态安全问题。根据长江流域生态环境特征、不同的生态功能及存在的主要生态安全问题,将长江流域划分成以下五个不同的生态功能区段,即长江源地区、金少江段（直门达至宜宾）、长江上游段（宜宾至宜昌）、长江中游段（宜昌至湖口段）、长江下游段（湖口至入海口）。针对不同区段主要的生态安全问题,应因地制宜采取相应的防范和整治措施。为保护与恢复生态功能服务。     

火灾模拟结果误差分析的函数分析法

火灾试验结果和模拟预测结果常能表达成关于时间变化的曲线,为定量描述两种随时间变化曲线间相符合的程度,引入误差分析的函数分析法。采用适合于低Mach数流修正的N-S方程描述烟气的输运过程,使用大涡模拟和Smagorinsky亚格子模型,对封闭空间内的火灾过程进行数值模拟;对其计算结果的分析表明,函数分析法能定量对模拟预测曲线与试验曲线间的差别进行描述,模是两曲线值大小的相对误差的度量,余弦是两曲线形状相似程度的度量。     

Xα21基因导入水稻及转基因植株的鉴定

以水稻愈伤组织为受体、质粒pCXK1301为Xα21基因供体，用农杆菌EHA105和PDS－1000／He基因枪转化受体，经Hyg浓度梯度筛选，获得一些转基因水稻植株，GUS检测、PCR扩增和Southern杂交分析表明，报告基因（GUS）、选择标记基因（Hyg^r）和抗白叶枯病基因Xα21都已整合入转化水稻基因组中，Southern杂分析显示了Xα21基因在转化水稻基因组中整合的拷贝数。田间接菌鉴定表现抗白叶枯病。     

环境因素对原生动物群落特征的影响

1999年12月至2000年11月，对华中科技大学华瑜池的原生动物群落进行了研究，共检出原生动物125种，其中植鞭毛虫19种，动鞭毛虫28种，纤毛虫64种，肉足虫14种，对原生动物群落结构和功能的研究表明：1）自然条件下，PFU原生动物群落的种类组成数及原生动物群落的群集速度相对稳定；2）自然条件下，PFU原生动物群落结构和功能不受季节变化的影响；3）当PFU原和动物群落受到外界胁迫时，不管这种胁迫来自物化因素或是生物因素，其群落结构和功能都会发生破坏性变化；4）用PFU法进行原生动物群落生态学和毒理学研究，所得的结构参数及功能参数能反映客观状况，具有环境现实意义。     

Use of reporter-gene based bacteria to quantify phenanthrene biodegradation and toxicity in soil

A phenanthrene-degrading bacterium, Sphingomonas paucimobilis EPA505 was used to construct two fluorescence-based reporter strains. Strain D harboring gfp gene was constructed to generate green fluorescence when the strain started to biodegrade phenanthrene. Strain S possessing gef gene was designed to die once phenanthrene biodegradation was initiated and thus to lose green fluorescence when visualized by a live/dead cell staining. Confocal laser scanning microscopic observation followed by image analysis demonstrates that the fluorescence intensity generated by strain D increased and the intensity by strain S decreased linearly at the phenanthrene concentration of up to 200 mg/L. Such quantitative increase and decrease of fluorescence intensity in strain D (i.e., from 1 to 11.90 ± 0.72) and strain S (from 1 to 0.40 ± 0.07) were also evident in the presence of Ottawa sand spiked with the phenanthrene up to 1000 mg/kg. The potential use of the reporter strains in quantitatively determining biodegradable or toxic phenanthrene was discussed.     

用12SrRNA基因序列研究潮龟科（BATAGURIDAE）闭壳龟类的进化

测定了潮龟科（Ｂａｔａｇｕｒｉｄａｅ）具闭壳结构的齿缘摄龟属（Ｃｙｃｌｅｍｙｓ）、锯缘摄龟属（Ｐｙｘｉｄｅａ）、闭壳龟属（Ｃｕｏｒａ）共６种线粒体１２ＳｒＲＮＡ基因片段的序列，结合潮龟科其它一些属的序列数据，探讨了具闭壳结构龟类的起源与进化以及闭壳龟属的分类学问题．认为闭壳龟属与锯缘摄龟属为姐妹群，两者与齿缘摄龟属的亲缘关系较远，提示这些具闭壳结构的龟类可能不是由一个共同祖先分化而来．本文的结果不支持将闭壳龟属拆分为闭壳龟属和盒龟属两属     

家蚕斑纹限性品种SC_1的RAPD差异DNA片段的克隆及其酶切图谱分析

利用RAPD技术对家蚕限性普斑品种SC1的雌雄体分别进行PCR扩增通过120种引物的筛选，得到1个雌体特异的RAPDDNA片段将该片段克隆到pUC19质粒，井进行了限制性内切酶图谱分析.     

The centers of gravity and dynamic types of body shape of terrestrial invertebrates

In the framework of dynamic morphology theory, the centers of gravity and geometric centers of projections have been determined for the bodies of more than 182 forms of invertebrates, and these data have been used to distinguish four types of dynamic body shapes. It has been demonstrated that specific dynamic types of body shape are characteristic of individual taxa. In addition, there are a group of “transformers,” which may assume any dynamic type of shape, and a group of invertebrates with one predominant dynamic type.